Tugas Softskill Bulan ke 3

Exercise 35 Passive Voice

1. The President was called by somebody everyday

2. The other members were called by John

3. Mr. Watson will call by somebody tonight

4. Considerable damage has been caused bay the fire

5. The supplies should buy for this class by the teacher

Exercise 36 : Causative Verbs (page : 135)

1.  The Teacher made Juan to leave the room

2.  Toshiko had her car repaired by a mechanic

3.  Ellen got Marvin typed her paper

4.  I made Jane called her friend on the telephone

5.  We got our house painted last week

6.  Dr Byrd is having the students wrote a composition

7.  The Policemen made the suspect lie on the ground

8.  Mark got his transcript sent to the university

9.  Maria is getting her hair to cut tomorrow

10. We will have to get the Dean to sign this form

11. The teacher let Al leave the classroom

12. Maria got Ed washed the pipettes

13. She always has her car fix by the same mechanic

14. Gene got his book published by a subsidy publisher

15. We have to help Janet to find her keys

Exercise 35 Passive Voice

1. The President was called by somebody everyday

2. The other members were called by John

3. Mr. Watson will call by somebody tonight

4. Considerable damage has been caused bay the fire

5. The supplies should buy for this class by the teacher

Exercise 36 : Causative Verbs (page : 135)

1.  The Teacher made Juan to leave the room

2.  Toshiko had her car repaired by a mechanic

3.  Ellen got Marvin typed her paper

4.  I made Jane called her friend on the telephone

5.  We got our house painted last week

6.  Dr Byrd is having the students wrote a composition

7.  The Policemen made the suspect lie on the ground

8.  Mark got his transcript sent to the university

9.  Maria is getting her hair to cut tomorrow

10. We will have to get the Dean to sign this form

11. The teacher let Al leave the classroom

12. Maria got Ed washed the pipettes

13. She always has her car fix by the same mechanic

14. Gene got his book published by a subsidy publisher

15. We have to help Janet to find her keys

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject pada sentence (kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindak lanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.

Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject pada sentence atau clause berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (mempunyai direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus Passive Voice

S + auxiliary verb + past participle

Rumus passive voice dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut di bawah ini.

Catatan:

    Auxiliary verb dapat berupa be (is, are, am, was, were) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary auxiliary(is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) maupun antara primary dengan modal (will be, will have been).

    Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses.

    Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct object).

Contoh:

She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

    Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular maupun irregular.

Contoh:

play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)

Contoh Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:

Komponen			Contoh Passive Voice dalam Kalimat
Subject	be	PP
I	am	given	I am given a clothe.
this glass	is	used	This glass is used by me.
all of my clothes	are	washed	All of my clotheses are washed every week.
large amounts of water	are	consumed	Large amounts of water are consumed by many people in the countries.
the book	was	bought	The book was bought by Beatrice.
the books	were	bought	The book were bought by Beatrice.

Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs

Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.

Contoh:

·         I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.

·         The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.

Tugas Softskill Bulan 2

Exercise 33 : Because/Because Of (page : 121)

1.   It was difficult to deliver the letter because the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope.

2.   We decided to leave early because of the party was boring.

3.   Rescue attempts were temporarily halted because of the bad weather.

4.   They visited their friends often because they enjoyed their company.

5.   Paul cannot go to the football game because his grades.

6.   Marcella was awarded a scholarship because her superior scholastic ability.

7.   No body ventured outdoors because of the hurricane warning.

8.   We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains because of the air is purer there.

9.   We have to drive around the bay because of the bridges was destroyed in the storm.

10. The chickens have died because of the intense heat.

Exercise 34 : So/Such (page : 124)

1.   The sun shone so brightly that Maria had to put on her sunglasses.

2.   Dean was such a powerful swimmer that he always won the races.

3.   There were such few students registered that the class was cancelled.

4.   We had so wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return.

5.   We had so good a time at the party that we hated to leave.

6.   The benefit was so great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it.

7.   It was such a nice day that we decided to go to the beach.

8.   Jane looked so sick that the nurse told her to go home.

9.   Those were such difficult assignments that we spent two weeks finishing them.

10. Ray cancelled at such an early hour that we weren’t awake yet.

11. The book looked so interesting that he decided to read it.

12. He worked so carefully that it look him a long time to complete the project.

13. We stayed in the sun for such a long time that we became sunburned.

14. That were so many people on the bus that we decided to walk.

15. The program was so entertaining that no body wanted to miss it.

Sentence Connectors and Sentences - Showing Cause / Effect

Sentence connectors are words and phrases that connect sentences to help with understanding. Sentence connectors are also known as linking language. This linking language can be used to order what you have to say, show opposition, provide clarification and so on. In many grammar books, you will find information about sentence connectors when reading about subordinating conjunctions, coordinating conjunctions and so on.

Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written English, you will want to express yourself in increasingly complex ways. One of the best ways to improve your writing style is to use sentence connectors. Sentence connectors are used to express relationships between ideas and to combine sentences. The use of these connectors will add sophistication

Type of Connector	Connector(s)	Examples
Coordinating conjunctions	for (cause), so (effect)	Professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient, for their positions are at times rather stressful.
Subordinating conjunctions	because, since	Since high level positions are at times rather stressful, professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient.
Conjunctive adverbs	therefore, as a result, consequently	High level positions are at times rather stressful; therefore, professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient.
Prepositions	because of, due to, as a result of	Due to the stressful nature of high level positions, professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient.

Sources : http://esl.about.com/od/writingadvanced/a/wc_cause.htm